What is the difference between first-degree murder and second-degree murder?

First-degree murder is characterized by premeditation, meaning that the perpetrator planned the murder in advance, reflecting a level of intent and deliberation before committing the act. This distinguishes it from second-degree murder, which typically lacks the elements of premeditation and is often impulsive or committed in the heat of passion, without prior planning. Thus, the defining factor in differentiating first-degree from second-degree murder is that the former involves a calculated decision to kill, while the latter may result from immediate circumstances without prior intent to take someone's life.

Understanding this distinction is critical for law enforcement and legal professionals as it impacts the severity of charges and potential penalties that may follow a conviction, emphasizing the importance of intent and planning in these classifications.