What constitutes "sexual violence" under California law?

The definition of "sexual violence" under California law primarily centers around the absence of consent in the context of sexual acts. Therefore, violent sexual acts performed without consent clearly align with the legal understanding of sexual violence. California Penal Code emphasizes that consent must be given freely and voluntarily; any act that involves coercion, force, or intimidation and lacks that consent qualifies as sexual violence.

Acts characterized by enthusiastic consent, such as those described in the last option, do not fall into the category of sexual violence since they involve mutual agreement and respect between individuals. Similarly, while acts of sexual contact exist in various forms, they do not automatically imply violence or lack of consent. Lastly, sexual acts performed in private are not inherently violent or non-consensual, thus do not align with the definition of sexual violence in the legal framework.